Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni yemishini yokudla yaseChina

1. Ukuhlanganisa nezici zesakhiwo sesifunda, ukukhuthaza intuthuko edidiyelwe iyonke

I-China inezinsiza eziningi kanye nomehluko omkhulu wesifunda ezimweni zemvelo, zendawo, ezolimo, ezomnotho kanye nezenhlalo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifunda kwezolimo okuphelele kanye nokuklanywa kwezindawo ezinengqikithi kuye kwalungiselelwa ezolimo. Imishini yezolimo iphinde yabeka phambili izigaba zikazwelonke, zesifundazwe (idolobha, isifunda esizimele) kanye nezigaba ezingaphezu kwe-1000 ezingeni lesifunda. Ukuze kufundwe isu lokuthuthukisa ukudla nemishini yokupakisha ngokuhambisana nezimo zikazwelonke zaseShayina, kuyadingeka ukuthi kufundwe umehluko wesifunda othinta isibalo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokudla, futhi kufundwe futhi kwakhiwe ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini yokudla. Ngokuphathelene nobuningi, eNyakatho yeChina nasezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula i-Yangtze, ngaphandle kukashukela, okunye ukudla kungadluliselwa ngaphandle; ngokuphambene nalokho, eNingizimu yeChina, ngaphandle kukashukela, okunye ukudla kudinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe futhi kufakwe efrijini, futhi izindawo zokwelusa zidinga imishini enjengokuhlaba, ukuthutha, isiqandisi nokugunda. Ungawuchaza kanjani ngokunembile umkhuba wesikhathi eside wokuthuthukiswa kokudla nemishini yokupakisha, ukulinganisa inani nenhlobonhlobo yesidingo, kanye nokwenza ngokunengqondo ukuhlelwa kwamabhizinisi okucubungula ukudla kanye nokukhiqiza imishini yokudla kuyisihloko esinamasu wezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho esifanele ukucwaningwa ngokujulile. Ucwaningo ngokuhlukaniswa kwemishini yokudla, uhlelo kanye nokulungiselela okuphusile kuwumsebenzi oyisisekelo wezobuchwepheshe wocwaningo.

2. Yethula ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe futhi uthuthukise ikhono lokuthuthuka okuzimele

Ukugaya nokumuncwa kobuchwepheshe obethulwa kufanele kusekelwe ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lokuthuthuka okuzimele kanye nokukhiqiza. Kufanele sifunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nezifundo esizitholile emsebenzini wokumunca nokugaya ubuchwepheshe obungenisiwe ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Ngokuzayo, ubuchwepheshe obungenisiwe kufanele buhlanganiswe eduze nezidingo zemakethe kanye nenkambiso yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe, ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha njengobuyinhloko kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuklama nokukhiqiza njengesengezo. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe kufanele kuhlanganiswe nocwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo lokuhlola, futhi imali eyanele kufanele yabelwe ukugaya nokumuncwa. Ngocwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo lokuhlola, kufanele ngempela sibe yingcweti yobuchwepheshe obuphambili bangaphandle kanye nemibono yokuklama, izindlela zokuklama, izindlela zokuhlola, idatha eyinhloko yokuklama, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nolunye ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe, futhi kancane kancane sakhe ikhono lokuthuthuka okuzimele kanye nokwenza ngcono kanye nokusha.

3. Sungula isikhungo sokuhlola, uqinise ucwaningo oluyisisekelo nolusetshenziswayo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokudla kanye nokupakisha emazweni athuthukile ezimbonini kusekelwe ocwaningweni olubanzi lokuhlola. Ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ngo-2010 futhi sibeke isisekelo sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo, kufanele sinake ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kwezisekelo zokuhlola. Ngenxa yezizathu zomlando, amandla ocwaningo kanye nezindlela zokuhlola zale mboni azigcini nje ngokubuthakathaka kakhulu futhi zihlakazekile, kodwa futhi azisetshenziswa ngokugcwele. Kufanele sihlele amabutho ocwaningo akhona ngophenyo, ukuhlela kanye nokuxhumana, futhi senze ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi okunengqondo.

4. Ukusebenzisa ngesibindi imali yakwamanye amazwe kanye nokusheshisa isivinini soguquko lwamabhizinisi

Ngenxa yokufika sekwephuzile, isisekelo esibi, ukuqoqwa okubuthakathaka kanye nokukhokhwa kwemali mboleko, amabhizinisi aseShayina emishini yokupakisha awakwazi ukuthuthuka ngaphandle kwemali, futhi awakwazi ukugaya imali ebolekiwe. Ngenxa yemithombo yezimali kazwelonke elinganiselwe, kunzima ukutshala imali enkulu ukuze kwenziwe uguquko olukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe yamabhizinisi ikhawulelwe kakhulu futhi imile ezingeni lokuqala isikhathi eside. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, isimo asishintshile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa imali yangaphandle ukuguqula amabhizinisi okuqala.

5. Thuthukisa amaqembu amakhulu amabhizinisi

Amabhizinisi aseShayina okudla nokupakisha amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, ukuntula amandla ezobuchwepheshe, ukuntula ikhono lokuzithuthukisa, kunzima ukufeza ukukhiqizwa kwesikali sobuchwepheshe, okunzima ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe esishintsha njalo. Ngakho-ke, imishini yokudla kanye nokupakisha yaseChina kufanele ithathe umgwaqo weqembu lebhizinisi, iphule imingcele ethile, ihlele izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaqembu ebhizinisi, izikhungo zocwaningo namanyuvesi, iqinise inhlanganisela namabhizinisi, ingene emaqenjini ebhizinisi uma izimo zivuma, futhi ibe isikhungo sokuthuthukisa futhi isisekelo sokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi samaqembu ebhizinisi. Ngokwezimpawu zemboni, iminyango kahulumeni efanele kufanele ithathe izinyathelo eziguquguqukayo ukuze isekele ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamaqembu amabhizinisi embonini.